Reaction-type turbine

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to a reaction-type turbine. The reaction-type turbine of the present invention is configured such that a jet and rotating unit and a turbine shaft rotate by the repulsive force generated when steam spurts from the jet and rotating unit, so as to generate propulsion force. Thus, the operating stability of a steam turbine can be maintained even when condensate water is mixed with the steam, and manufacturing costs can be significantly reduced. Further, in order to reduce a loss of energy, the flow resistance of the steam is remarkably reduced or pressure leakage is prevented, thereby obtaining a low-cost and high-efficiency turbine.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to a reaction-type turbine using steam,gas, or compressed air.

BACKGROUND ART

In general, a steam turbine is one of motorized devices to convertthermal energy from pressurized steam into mechanical motion. Due to lowvibration, great efficiency, and high-speed and large-horsepower, thesteam turbine has been widely used as a main engine for thermal powerplants and ships.

The steam turbine injects high-temperature and high-pressurized steamproduced by a boiler from nozzles or fixed blades, and expands the steamto generate a steam flow at high velocity. Then, the high-velocity steamflow is directed to strike turbine blades, which results in impact orreaction that drives a shaft to rotate.

Thus, the steam turbine may include a plurality of nozzles to convertthermal energy from steam into velocity energy and a plurality ofturbine blades arranged in parallel to the nozzles to convert thevelocity energy into mechanical motion.

In the conventional steam turbine, pressurized steam flowing into asteam chest from a boiler expands, rotates a turbine shaft coupled tothe turbine blades as passing through the nozzles and the turbineblades, and then moves to an exhaust chest. The steam in the exhaustchest is sent to a condenser to be cooled, and then may be returned tothe boiler by a feedwater pump or may be exhausted to atmosphere.

TECHNICAL PROBLEM

However, the conventional steam turbine as described above ischaracterized in generating rotation torque by a flow of a high velocitysteam striking turbine blades that rotate at a high speed, and thus whencondensate water is mixed with the steam, the turbine blades may bedamaged. Hence, the steam flowing into the turbine blades is required tobe managed, avoiding the condensate water being generated. Further, theturbine blades need to be manufactured with expensive materials, andassembling such turbine blades is complicated, thereby increasing themanufacturing cost.

A force to rotate the turbine axis is in proportion to momentum of steamentering the turbine blades, and the momentum of the steam is determinedby various factors, such as the number and the surface area of theturbine blades and an inlet angle of the steam. However, since the steamstriking the turbine blades changes velocity and direction, designingthe shapes and angles of the blades in consideration of these changesincreases design complexity, and thus there is a limitation inmanufacturing a high-efficiency turbine.

Moreover, since a plurality of turbine blades rotate, enclosed by ahousing, a space should be provided between an end of each turbine bladeand an inner circumference of the housing in consideration of a thermalexpansion of the turbine blade. However, steam is leaked through thespace, and therefore a loss of pressure occurs, thereby deteriorating athermal efficiency of the turbine.

The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of theconventional steam turbine and provide a reaction-type steam turbinewhich can prevent component damage upon an impact by condensate watergenerated in steam and thus can facilitate the management of steam,allowing the use of low-cost materials and simplifying assembly process,which contributes to reduction of manufacturing costs.

Moreover, the present invention is to provide a reaction-type steamturbine which is a high-efficiency turbine obtained by reducing factorsto determine the momentum from steam.

Further, the present invention is to provide a reaction-type steamturbine which has a thermal efficiency increased by reducing a loss ofsteam pressure

TECHNICAL SOLUTION

The present invention provides a reaction-type turbine including: ahousing configured to include at least one injection casing; one or morejet and rotating units installed in the housing, each being configuredto inject a fluid in a circumference direction and rotate by reaction tothe injecting of the fluid; and a turbine shaft configured to rotatablycoupled to the housing or coupled to rotate along with the housing andtransmit rotary force to another device while rotating along with thejet and rotating units.

Additional features of the invention will be set forth in thedescription which follows, and in part will be apparent from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS

According to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, thereaction-type steam turbine is configured such that a jet and rotatingunit and a turbine shaft rotate by the repulsive force generated whensteam spurts from the jet and rotating unit, so as to generatepropulsion force. Thus, the operating stability of a steam turbine canbe maintained even when condensate water is mixed with the steam, andmanufacturing costs can be significantly reduced. Further, in order toreduce a loss of energy, the flow resistance of the steam is remarkablyreduced or pressure leakage is prevented, thereby obtaining a low-costand high-efficiency turbine.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a furtherunderstanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention, andtogether with the description serve to explain the principles of theinvention.

FIG. 1 is a broken perspective view of a reaction-type steam turbineaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the steam turbine shown inFIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view of jet passages in the steam turbine ofFIG. 1 according to another exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the steam turbine accordingto another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 5 and 6 are perspective views of a steam guiding unit installed ina housing of the steam turbine shown in FIG. 1.

FIGS. 7 and 8 are broken perspective views of the jet passages of thesteam turbine shown in FIG. 1.

FIGS. 9 to 11 are longitudinal sectional views of jet passages accordingto other embodiments of the present invention.

FIGS. 12 and 13 are perspective views of an injection tube of FIGS. 10and 11 according to other exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention.

FIGS. 14 to 18 are longitudinal sectional views and perspective views ofthe reaction-type steam turbine according to other exemplary embodimentsof the present invention.

BEST MODE

A reaction-type turbine is described more fully hereinafter withreference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodimentsof the invention are shown.

First Exemplary Embodiment

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a reaction-type steam turbine according toexemplary embodiments of the present invention may include a housing 110including at least one injection casing 112, and at least one ejectingrotor units (hereinafter, they are referred to as a first ejecting rotorunit 120A, a second ejecting rotor unit 120B, and a third ejecting rotorunit 120C from innermost to outermost units) which are arranged around aturbine shaft 130 such that the ejecting rotor unit 120A is placedinside the second ejecting rotor unit 120B and the second ejecting rotorunit 120B is placed inside the third ejecting rotor unit 130B whilemaintaining a predetermined space therebetween, and the turbine shaft130 to rotate along with the ejecting rotor units 120A, 120B, and 120Cand transfer the rotation force to an external device (not illustrated).

The housing 110 includes a cylinder-shaped inlet 111, the injectioncasing 12, a guiding unit 113, and an outlet 114. The inlet 111 isprovided with steam from a boiler (not illustrated), and the injectioncasing 112 expands to form a cylinder-shape, extending from the inlet111. The guiding unit 113 extends to connect to the injection casing 112and form a conical shape with top cut off, and the outlet 114 is acylindrical shape extending to connect to the guide unit 113.

The inlet 111 may be formed concentrically to the outlet 114, and itsouter circumference surface may be supported by a first bearing 141 insuch a manner that allows the steam turbine to rotate. The inlet 111 maybe formed to penetrate through one side of the injection casing 112. Inthis case, an extension portion (not illustrated), which extends fromthe first jet and rotating unit 120A in such a manner that penetratesthrough the inlet 111 and is hermetically coupled to the inlet 111, maybe supported by the first bearing 141.

An inner circumference of the injection casing 112 may be formed in ashape of a smooth tube, and a steam guiding unit may be formed in aforward direction with respect to a rotation direction of the jet androtating units 120A, 120B, and 120C to guide the moving of the steaminjected from the third jet and rotating unit 120C. The steam guidingunit may be formed as grooves 112 a which are arranged at regularintervals along a circumference direction of the injection casing 112 asshown in FIG. 5, or may be formed as blades 112 b which are disposed atpredetermined intervals along the circumference direction of theinjection casing 112 as shown in FIG. 6.

The guiding unit 113 may have a tilted inner circumference surface suchthat a diameter of the guiding unit 113 decreases from the injectioncasing 112 to the outlet 114, thereby smoothly guiding the steam passingthrough the injection casing 112 to the outlet 114. The guiding unit 113may be vertically formed, having a rounded or sloped contacting portionthat meets the outlet 114.

The outlet 114 may be formed as a cylindrical shape as shown in FIG. 2,and, in some cases, may be formed to penetrate through an end of theguiding unit 113.

The first, the second, and the third jet and rotating units 120A, 120B,and 120C, respectively, include chambers (hereinafter, referred to as afirst chamber 121, a second chamber 122, and a third chamber 123 frominnermost to outermost) and sets of a plurality of injecting passages(hereinafter, referred to as a set of first injecting passages 124, aset of second injecting passages 125, and a set of third injectingpassages 126 from innermost to outermost). Each of the first, thesecond, and the third chambers 121, 122, and 123 is formed as a hollowcylindrical shape with closed ends in a shaft direction, and the first,the second, and the third chambers 121, 122, and 123 are disposed in amanner to radially expand in size. The first, the second, and the thirdinjecting passages are formed on the outer circumferences of therespective chambers 121, 122, and 123 along a circumference direction,such that steam can be consecutively injected from an inner space S1 ofthe first chamber 121 to an inner space S2 of the second chamber 122,from the inner space S2 of the second chamber 122 to an inner space S3of the third chamber 123, and from the inner space S3 of the thirdchamber 123 to the injecting room 112 in a circumference direction.

The first, the second, and the third chambers 121, 122, and 123 have theinner spaces S1, S2, and S3 of the same volume, as shown in FIG. 2, andthe inner circumference is formed as a smooth tube. In addition, one endof each the first, the second, and the third chambers 121, 122, and 123may be hermetically coupled to an inner surface of one side of thehousing 110 while the turbine shaft 130 may penetrate through the otherend of each of the chambers 121, 122, and 123 and be welded to thechambers to be hermetically sealed. In addition, as shown in FIG. 4,flow stopping plates 127 a and 127 b are, respectively, provided betweenone side of the first chamber 121 and one side of the second chamber 122and between one side of the second chamber 122 and the third chamber 123so that the steam injected from a relatively inner chamber to arelatively outer chamber can be prevented from flowing toward the sideof each chamber 121, 122, and 123 and remaining thereon. As a result,the flow stopping plates 127 a and 127 b can smoothly guide the steamfrom the relatively inner chambers to the relatively outer chambers. Theflow stopping plates 127 a and 127 b may, respectively, extend from therelatively inner chambers to the relatively outer chambers so as toeffectively guide the steam injected from the relatively inner chambersinto the jet passages 125 and 126 on the relatively outer chambers 122and 123.

The first, the second, and the third chambers 121, 122, and 123 may havethe inner spaces S1, S2, and S3 of different volumes. For example, thesize of each of the inner spaces S1, S2, and S3 of the respectivechambers 121, 122, and 123 may increase or decrease in proportion to thewhole cross-sectional area of each of the respective jet passages 124,125, and 126.

The first, the second, and the third jet passages 124, 125, and 126 maybe provided as a set of jet passages of a circular shape being arrangedat regular intervals from one another on the respective chambers 121,122, and 123 in a shaft direction as shown in FIG. 7, or may be providedas one or more elongated holes disposed on the respective chambers 121,122, and 123 along an axial direction. In addition, the first, thesecond, and the third jet passages 124, 125, and 126 may be formed atregular intervals on the respective chambers 121, 122, and 123 along acircumference direction as shown in FIG. 2 and FIGS. 9 to 11. In thiscase, the first, the second, and the third jet passages 124, 125, and126 may be formed to have the same cross-sectional area along an axialdirection, or have different cross-sectional areas along the axialdirection.

As shown in FIG. 2, the jet passages 124, 125, and 126 may be formed toincrease cross-sectional areas from the relatively inner chambers to therelatively outer chambers such that a pressure of steam can decreasewhile passing through each chamber 121, 122, and 123. In this case, thevolumes of the respective chambers 121, 122, and 123 may be the same asone another, or may increase from the relatively inner chambers to therelatively outer chambers. The chambers 121, 122, and 123 may bedesigned to have volumes decreasing from the relatively inner chambersto the relatively outer chambers in consideration of the wholecross-sectional areas of the respective chambers 121, 122, and 123.

Furthermore, a net cross-sectional area of all jet passages on therespective chambers 121, 122, and 123 may be adjusted by differentiatingthe cross-sectional area of the jet passages of each of the chambers121, 122, and 123, or by differentiating the numbers of the jet passagesamong the chambers 121, 122, and 123. For example, as shown in FIG. 2,from the relatively inner chambers to the relatively outer chambers, thenumber of the jet passages 124, 125, and 126 increases to expand a netcross-sectional area of the jet passages 124, 125, and 126 of the entirechambers 121, 122, and 123.

The jet passages 124, 125, and 126 may have different shapes. Forexample, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 and FIGS. 7 to 9, the jet passages124, 125, and 126 may be formed on the outer circumferences of therespective chambers 121, 122, and 123 to simply penetrate through thechambers 121, 122, and 123 in a manner to be inclined in a circumferencedirection. Moreover, as shown in FIGS. 3, 10, and 11, the injectionholes 124 a, 125 a, and 126 a are arranged radially on outercircumference walls of the respective chambers 121, 122, and 123 andinjection tubes 124 b, 125 b, and 126 b, each being bent in acircumference direction or inclined to be connected to the respectiveinjection holes 124 a, 125 a, and 126 a, are coupled to exits of therespective injection holes 124 a, 125 a, and 126 a. In this case, thejet passages 124, 125, and 126 may be formed to extend in a rotationdirection with respect to a normal direction of the jet and rotatingunits. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the respective injection holes124 a, 125, 126 a extend along a rotation direction, and as shown inFIG. 10 to 13, the respective injection holes 124 a, 125 a, and 126 aare arranged radially and exit ends of the respective injection tubes124 b, 125 b, and 126 b are bent or curved in the rotation direction.Moreover, the injection holes 124 a, 125 a, and 126 a and the injectiontubes 124 b, 125 b, and 126 b may be provided one by one on therespective chambers 121, 122, and 123, or as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13,the respective injection holes 124 a, 125 a, and the respectiveinjection tubes 124 b, 125 b, and 126 b may be formed to extend in ashaft direction. Furthermore, in the case of the injection tubes 124 b,125 b, and 126 b extending in a shaft direction, as shown in FIG. 12,the respective injection tubes 124 b, 125 b, and 126 b may have innerpassages 124 c, 125 c, and 126 c, each of which is shaped as anelongated hole, or each of which is formed of multiple holes as shown inFIG. 13.

The turbine shaft 130 penetrates through the center of the housing 110and the jet and rotating units 120A, 120B, and 120C and is welded to thechambers 121, 122, and 123 of the respective jet and rotating units120A, 120B, and 120C. In addition, one end of the turbine shaft 130 maybe rotatably supported by a second bearing 142 such that the whole steamturbine including the turbine shaft 130 can rotate. In this case, theturbine shaft 130 is designed to have a smaller diameter than that ofthe inlet 111 or the outlet of the housing 110 in order to allow steamto flow outside of the turbine shaft 130.

The reaction-type steam turbine according to the exemplary embodiment ofthe present invention operates as described below.

When steam produced from the boiler is provided to the inlet 111 of thehousing 110 through a pipe, the steam flows into the first chamber 121of the first jet and rotating unit 120A, and the steam in the firstchamber 121 is injected in a circumference direction through the firstjet passages 124 and thereby flows into the second chamber 122 of thesecond jet and rotating unit 120B. Additionally, the steam is injectedin the circumference direction through the second jet passages 125 andflows into the third chamber 123 of the third jet and rotating unit120C. Then, the steam in the third chamber 123 is injected in thecircumference direction to the injection casing 112 through the thirdjet passages 126, and the steam in the injecting casing 112 is exhaustedto atmosphere through the guiding unit 113 and the outlet 114 or iscollected in a condenser (not illustrated) to be returned to the boiler,and these procedures are repetitively performed. A pressure of the steamdecreases stepwise while passing through the jet and rotating units120A, 120B, and 120C, and the steam turbine thus can obtain effectivejet velocity.

As described above, the jet and rotating units rotate by the propulsionforce generated from the reaction force produced as the steam isinjected in a circumference direction through the jet passages of therespective jet and rotating units, and accordingly the turbine shaftcoupled to the jet and rotating units obtains rotary motion and isthereby rotated and can transmit the rotary force to an external device.

It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description andthe following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory and areintended to provide further explanation of the invention as claimed.

Mode for Invention Second Exemplary Embodiment

According to the first exemplary embodiment, the turbine shaft 130penetrates through the housing 110 and has one side supported by thefirst bearing 141 while one side of the housing 110 is supported by thesecond bearing 142, whereas according to the second exemplaryembodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, the turbine shaft 130 penetrating thehousing 110 has both ends supported by the respective first and secondbearings 141 and 142.

In this case, one end of the turbine shaft 130 may be supported by thefirst bearing 141 at an outer edge of the outlet 114, or in some cases,may be supported by the first bearing 141 between the turbine shaft 130and the outlet 114 of the housing 110. Here, if the first bearing 141 isdisposed at the outer edge of the outlet 114, the outlet 114 is formedas a cylindrical shape. On the other hand, if the first bearing 141 isinterposed between the turbine shaft 130 and the outlet 114, the outlet114 may have a plurality of ribs 114 a formed radially thereon so as toeffectively discharge the steam. In addition, the other end of theturbine shaft 130 may be supported by the second bearing 142 at an outeredge of the inlet 11 of the housing 110, and in some cases, may besupported by the second bearing 142 interposed between the turbine shaft130 and the inlet 111 of the housing 110. In this case, if the secondbearing 142 is disposed at the outer edge of the inlet 111, the inlet111 is formed as a cylindrical shape, and if the second bearing 142 isinterposed between the turbine shaft 130 and the inlet 111, the inlet111 may have a plurality of ribs 111 a formed radially thereon so as toallow the steam to effectively flow into the first jet and rotating unit120A.

Other configurations and effects of the second exemplary embodiment aresignificantly the same as those of the first exemplary embodiment, andthus a detailed description thereof will not be reiterated. However, thesteam turbine according to the second exemplary embodiment is configuredsuch that the housing 110 and each of the jet and rotating units 120A,120B, and 120C can be slidably in contact with each other, as shown inFIG. 14, and thus only the jet and rotating units 120A, 120B, and 120Cand the turbine shaft 130 rotate without the housing 110 rotating,thereby transmitting more power to the external device and henceincreasing energy efficiency.

Third Exemplary Embodiment

In the first and second exemplary embodiments as described above, theturbine shaft 130 penetrates through the housing 110 and is supported bythe first bearing 141, while in the third exemplary embodiment, one endof the turbine shaft 130 is welded to the third jet and rotating unit120C inside the housing 110, and the other end of the turbine shaft 130is rotatably supported by the first bearing 141, as illustrated in FIG.15. In the third exemplary embodiment, the inlet 111 is extruded in oneside of the housing 110 and rotatably supported by the second bearing142.

Other configurations and effects of the third exemplary embodiment aresimilar to those of the first and second exemplary embodiments asdescribed above, and accordingly a detailed description thereof will beomitted. In the steam turbine according to the third exemplaryembodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 15, since the turbine shaft 130 iswelded only to the third jet and rotating unit 120C, the assemblyprocess is simplified compared to the first and second exemplaryembodiments where the turbine shaft 130 are welded to all the first, thesecond, and the third jet and rotating units 120A, 120B, and 120C, whichcontributes to a reduction of manufacturing costs.

Fourth Exemplary Embodiment

In the first, the second, and the third exemplary embodiments asdescribed above, the turbine shaft 130 provided separately from thehousing 110 is coupled with the housing 110 in a manner to penetratethrough the housing 110, while in the fourth exemplary embodiment, theturbine shaft 130 is integrated with the housing 110, as illustrated inFIG. 16. For example, by extending the inlet 11 and outlet 114 of thehousing 110 and coupling the outlet 114 with an external device,propulsion force generated by the first, the second, and the third jetand rotating units 120A, 120B, and 120C is transferred to the externaldevice through the housing 110. That is, the housing 110 is endued withthe function of the turbine shaft 130.

Other configurations and effects of the fourth exemplary embodiment aresimilar to those of the first through third exemplary embodiments asdescribed above, and accordingly a detailed description will be omitted.Since the steam turbine according to the fourth exemplary embodimentrequires no turbine shaft, as illustrated in FIG. 16, material costs arereduced and assembly process is simplified compared to the first throughthird exemplary embodiments, which also leads to a remarkable reductionof manufacturing costs.

Fifth Exemplary Embodiment

In the first through fourth exemplary embodiments as described above,the first, the second, the third jet and rotating units 120A, 120B, and120C are arranged radially in a manner to be placed one upon another inone housing 110, while in the fifth exemplary embodiment, a plurality ofhousings and a plurality of jet and rotating units are disposed atregular intervals in the shaft direction.

For example, in the steam turbine according to the fifth exemplaryembodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18, a plurality of housings(for convenience of description, referred to as first, second, and thirdhousings 210, 220, and 230 from the inlet side toward the outlet side)are disposed at regular intervals in the direction of a shaft. The jetand rotating units 240, 250, and 260 are disposed at regular intervalsin the respective injection casings 212, 222, and 232 of the first, thesecond, and the third housings 210, 220, and 230, and rotatablysupported by the first, the second, and the third bearings 271, 272, and273. Also, the jet and rotating units 240, 250, and 260 are welded tothe turbine shaft 280 penetrating through the centers of the jet androtating units 240, 250, and 260. One end of the turbine shaft 280 isrotatably supported by the fourth bearing 274 outside the third housing230 or at one side of the third housing 230 as illustrated in FIGS. 17and 18.

The first, the second, and the third housings 210, 220, and 230respectively have guiding units 213, 223, and 233 whose innercircumference surfaces are respectively tilted toward the jet androtating units 250 and 260 and the outlet 234 (will be described later),in one sides of the respective injection rooms 212, 222, and 232.

The guiding units 213, 223, and 233 smoothly guide the steam passingthrough the injection rooms 212, 222, and 232 to the chambers 251 and261 of the jet and rotating units 250 and 260 or to the outside. Thefirst, the second, and the third housings 210, 220, and 230 may beformed in a shape of a tube whose inner walls are smooth. Or, the innerwalls of the first, the second, and the third housings 210, 220, and 230may have a plurality of steam guiding units which are grooves 215, 225,and 235 or blades 216, 226, and 236 that are arranged in a forwarddirection with respect to a rotation direction of the jet and rotatingunits 240, 250, and 260, in order to smoothly guide the moving of thesteam spurted from the jet and rotating units 240, 250, and 260.

The chambers 241, 251, and 261 of the first, the second, and the thirdjet and rotating units 240, 250, and 260 may have the same volume ordifferent volumes. The volume of each of the chambers 241, 251, and 261may increase or decrease in proportion to a net cross-sectional area ofinjection passages 242, 252, and 262 included in the respective chambers241, 251, and 261. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 18, if thechambers 241, 251, and 261 have the same volume, it will be effectivethat the net cross-sectional areas of the injection passages 241, 251,and 261 may increase from the inlet side toward the outlet side, thatis, from the first jet and rotating unit 240 to the third jet androtating unit 260 in order to gradually lower the pressure of the steam.

Furthermore, the whole cross-sectional areas of the injection passages241, 251, and 261 may be adjusted by differentiating the cross-sectionalareas of the individual injection passages 241, 251, and 261, or bydifferentiating the numbers of the injection passages 241, 251, and 261.For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18, the numbers of theinjection passages 241, 251, and 261 increase in the order from thefirst jet and rotating unit 240 to the third jet and rotating unit 260.

Other configurations and effects of the fifth exemplary embodiment aresimilar to those of the first through fourth exemplary embodiment, andaccordingly a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

Therefore, since the reaction-type steam turbine as described aboveacquires propulsion force by the repulsive force generated when steamfrom a boiler spurts from the jet and rotating units through theinjection passages, the reaction-type steam turbine is free fromcomponent damage upon an impact by condensate water mixed in the steam.Thus, the operating stability of the steam turbine can be remarkablyimproved and component damage can be prevented, allowing the use oflow-cost materials. Furthermore, assembly process is simplified, whichleads to a significant reduction of manufacturing costs. For example, aconventional impeller-type turbine has required a precise design andfabrication of hundreds or thousands of impellers, as well ascomplicated assembly process, which needs high-quality human resourcesand precision, while the reaction-type turbine as described aboveobtains high efficiency with significantly low precision requirementsupon the designing, fabrication or assembly of components. Accordingly,the reactive-type turbine can be manufactured with remarkably low costscompared to the conventional impeller-type turbine.

Moreover, since a plurality of jet and rotating units are arrangedradially for stability improvement of the steam turbine, the size of thesteam turbine can be reduced, and no flow resistance of the steam isgenerated between the jet and rotating units, resulting in efficiencyimprovement of the steam turbine and relative efficiency improvement ofa boiler. In the case where the jet and rotating units are arranged in adirection of a shaft, tilted guiding units are formed in the housing toreduce the flow resistance of the steam, thereby enhancing theefficiency of the steam turbine and the relative efficiency of theboiler.

Furthermore, the steam turbine, which utilizes the Law of Action andReaction which is Newton's third law of motion, can reduce energyconsumption for generating propulsion force in the steam turbine, likethe impeller-type turbine (or a momentum transfer-type turbine), thusobtaining high efficiency.

If the pressure of steam from a boiler is constant and the velocity ofsteam spurted from the jet and rotating units is equal tocircumferential speed by rotation of the jet and rotating units, thesteam is stopped with respect to the jet and rotating units and only thejet and rotating units move in the opposite direction of a tangentialline at the injection velocity of the steam, so that a theoreticalenergy transfer ratio of the entire momentum or kinetic energy of thesteam reaches 100%. Accordingly, the steam turbine can obtain highefficiency that could have never been achieved by any impeller-typeturbines.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variation can be made in the present invention withoutdeparting from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it isintended that the present invention cover the modifications andvariations of this invention provided they come within the scope of theappended claims and their equivalents.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

The present invention can be efficiently applied to a gas turbine and anengine making use of pressed air as well as the above-described steamturbine.

1-32. (canceled)
 33. A reaction-type turbine comprising: a housingconfigured to include at least one injection casing; one or more jet androtating units installed in the housing, each being configured to injecta fluid in a circumference direction and rotate by reaction to theinjecting of the fluid; and a turbine shaft configured to rotatablycoupled to the housing or coupled to rotate along with the housing andtransmit rotary force to another device while rotating along with thejet and rotating units, wherein there are provided two or more jet androtating units and the jet and rotating units are arranged from theinside to the outside at regular intervals from one another.
 34. Thereaction-type turbine of claim 33, further comprising: a flow stoppingplate configured to be interposed between the jet and rotating units topartially block a space between the jet and rotating units and thus toguide a fluid from an inner jet and rotating unit to an outer jet androtating unit.
 35. The reaction-type turbine of claim 33, wherein thehousing has such an inclined surface that is gradually narrowed along aflow direction of the fluid.
 36. The reaction-type turbine of claim 33,wherein the turbine shaft thoroughly penetrates through the housing andhave at least one end supported from the housing with a bearing.
 37. Thereaction-type turbine of claim 33, wherein the turbine shaft has one endpenetrating the housing and being supported by a bearing and the otherend being supported by being coupled to the jet and rotating units. 38.The reaction-type turbine of claim 33, wherein the turbine shaft and thehousing are integrated with each other.
 39. The reaction-type turbine ofclaim 38, wherein both ends of the housing integrated with the turbineshaft are supported by bearings.
 40. The reaction-type turbine of claim33, wherein each of the jet and rotating units is further configured tocomprise a chamber having an inner space and one or more jet passageswhich are formed on the chamber in a circumference direction to inject afluid from the inner space to the outside.
 41. The reaction-type turbineof claim 40, wherein the relatively outer chamber has the larger netcross-sectional area of the jet passages than a net cross-sectional areaof the jet passages of the relatively inner chamber.
 42. Thereaction-type turbine of claim 40, wherein the relatively outer chamberhas more jet passages than those of the relatively inner chamber. 43.The reaction-type turbine of claim 40, wherein each of the jet passagesis formed as a hole that penetrates through a wall of each of thechambers in a manner to be inclined in a circumference direction. 44.The reaction-type turbine of claim 40, wherein each of the jet passagesis formed of a hole penetrating a wall of each of the chamber and a tubeconnected to an exit of the hole.
 45. The reaction-type turbine of claim40, wherein the jet passages are formed to extend along an axialdirection of each of the chambers.
 46. The reaction-type turbine ofclaim 40, wherein a plurality of the jet passages are formed along anaxial direction of each of the chambers.
 47. A reaction-type turbinecomprising: a housing configured to include a plurality of injectioncasings; a turbine shaft configured to be rotatably coupled to thehousing; and a plurality of jet and rotating units being installed atintervals corresponding to the injection casings, along a direction ofthe turbine shaft, wherein each of a plurality of the jet and rotationunits has one end rotatably coupled to the housing and the other endfixedly coupled to the turbine shaft, such that a fluid injected towardinlet-side injection casings is provided along a direction of the shaftthrough a space that is an inner space of the housing but an outer spaceof the turbine shaft, and rotates by injecting steam to a correspondinginjection casing in a circumference direction.
 48. The reaction-typeturbine of claim 47, wherein each of the jet and rotating units isfurther configured to comprise a chamber having an inner space connectedto the injection casing, and one or more jet passages which are formedon the chamber in a circumference direction to inject a fluid from theinner space to the corresponding injection casing.
 49. The reaction typeturbine of claim 48, wherein the outlet-side chamber has the larger netcross-sectional area of the jet passages than a net cross-sectional areaof the jet passages of the inlet-side chamber.
 50. The reaction-typeturbine of claim 48, wherein each of the jet passages is formed as ahole that penetrates through a wall of each of the chambers in a mannerto be inclined in a circumference direction.
 51. The reaction-typeturbine of claim 48, wherein the inner circumference surface of theinjection casing has a flow guiding unit to guide a moving of the fluid.52. The reaction-type turbine of claim 51, wherein the flow guiding unithas a groove formed or a blade provided in a forward direction withrespect to a rotation direction of the jet and rotating units.